Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine and a Salvadora persica-based mouthwash in reducing periodontal inflammation and whole salivary IL-1β levels after non-surgical periodontal therapy in young light cigarette-smokers.

Abstract

The aim was to assess the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and a Salvadorapersica (SP)-based mouthwash in reducing periodontal inflammation and whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1β levels after non-surgical periodontal therapy in young light cigarette-smokers. Self-reported current cigarette-smokers and never-smokers with periodontal inflammation were included. All patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups. In the test- and control-group, patients were advised to rinse with a Salvadorapersica-based mouthwash and a non-alcoholic 0.12% CHX twice daily for 2-weeks, respectively. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL) and whole salivary IL-1β were measured at baseline and at 3-months' follow-up. Significance was set at p<0.01. 34 cigarette-smokers and 34 never-smokers were included. At 3-months of follow-up, PI, PD, and clinical AL were comparable with their respective baseline values among cigarette-smokers. In never-smokers, there was a significant reduction in scores of PI (p<0.01), GI (p<0.01) and PD (p<0.01) at 3-months of follow-up compared with baseline. At 3-months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in PI, GI, PD, and clinical AL among never-smokers in the test- and control-groups. Among never-smokers, there was a significant reduction in whole salivary IL-1β levels at 3-months' follow-up (p<0.01). Usage of 0.12% CHX or a S. persica-based mouthwash following NSPT is ineffective in controlling periodontal inflammation and reducing whole salivary IL-1β in young light cigarette-smokers compared with never-smokers.