Effectiveness between Dry Needling and Ischemic Compression in the Triceps Surae Latent Myofascial Trigger Points of Triathletes on Pressure Pain Threshold and Thermography: A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.

Benito-De-Pedro Benito-De-Pedro,Calvo-Lobo Calvo-Lobo,Cosín-Matamoros Cosín-Matamoros,López-López López-López,Rodríguez-Sanz Rodríguez-Sanz,Becerro-De-Bengoa-Vallejo Becerro-De-Bengoa-Vallejo,Martínez-Jiménez Martínez-Jiménez,Losa-Iglesias Losa-Iglesias

doi:10.3390/jcm8101632

Abstract

Background: Deep dry needling (DDN) and ischemic compression technic (ICT) may be considered as interventions used for the treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) in latent myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The immediate effectiveness of both DDN and ICT on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and skin temperature of the latent MTrPs of the triceps surae has not yet been determined, especially in athletes due to their treatment requirements during training and competition. Objective: To compare the immediate efficacy between DDN and ICT in the latent MTrPs of triathletes considering PPT and thermography measurements. Method: A total sample of 34 triathletes was divided into two groups: DDN and ICT. The triathletes only received a treatment session of DDN (n = 17) or ICT (n = 17). PPT and skin temperature of the selected latent MTrPs were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Statistically significant differences between both groups were shown after treatment, showing a PPT reduction (p < 0.05) in the DDN group, while PPT values were maintained in the ICT group. There were not statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for thermographic values before and treatment for both interventions. Conclusions: Findings of this study suggested that ICT could be more advisable than DDN regarding latent MTrPs local mechanosensitivity immediately after treatment due to the requirements of training and competition in athletes’ population. Nevertheless, further studies comparing both interventions in the long term should be carried out in this specific population due to the possible influence of delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage on PPT and thermography values secondary to the high level of training and competition.

Highlights

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) comprises a set of motor, sensory and autonomic symptoms and signs caused by the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) [1]
Out of a total of 47 individuals recruited, 13 subjects were excluded from the study, n = 9 subjects because they did not present MTrPs during evaluation, n = 3 subjects because they took the medication during the study course, and n = 1 subject due to a leg’s infection located in the leg during the study evaluation
Data of the dry needling (DDN) group, ischemic compression technic (ICT) group, and total sample were expressed as the mean ± Standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each one of the variables

Summary

Introduction

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) comprises a set of motor, sensory and autonomic symptoms and signs caused by the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) [1]. MTrPs may be considered as sensitive points located in muscular strained bands [2], which may be commonly presented in general consultations with a prevalence of around 30% of patients, being even more frequent in tertiary pain clinics [3]. The identification of these MTrPs by physical examination showed a good inter-examiner reliability [4]. Conclusions: Findings of this study suggested that ICT could be more advisable than DDN regarding latent MTrPs local mechanosensitivity immediately after treatment due to the requirements of training and competition in athletes’ population. Further studies comparing both interventions in the long term should be carried out in this specific population due to the possible influence of delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage on PPT and thermography values secondary to the high level of training and competition

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Discussion

Conclusion