Abstract
This paper presents results of the research on the effectiveness of entrapping sediment matter in newly designed sediment traps. Four traps, characterized by different geometrical and construction parameters, were analyzed. The assessment of the operation of the traps was made on the basis of research work conducted in situ in a small retention reservoir located in Blizne, south-east Poland during summer 2017 and 2018. Under environmental conditions present during the research, trap number 2 emerged as the most effective. It was characterized by a height to diameter ratio equal to 6.06, as well as innovative design thanks to the presence of a dual-chamber cylindrical vessel with a sedimentation funnel ending in a deflector. The proposed construction solution ensured optimal, stable operation of the trap. This trap is more effective in entrapping sediment matter than the simple tools described in the literature so far. In addition, it can be used not only in reservoirs, but also in seas and oceans. Such traps can be used to study the sedimentation rate in various water ecosystems, and also the entrapped sediment can be analysed in a qualitative manner to determine its role in the distribution of pollutants deposited in the sediments of aquatic ecosystems.
Highlights
The key functions of small retention reservoirs are flood protection and securing a supply of water [1]
Many factors influence the intensity of the silting process; the most important of these are region, the geotechnical parameters of the given reservoir, the type of outflow device used, and hydrodynamic conditions [4,5,6]
Biofilm communities participate in the trapping of fine sediments and they can reduce the proximal sediment availability [7]
Summary
The key functions of small retention reservoirs are flood protection and securing a supply of water [1]. Water retention in reservoirs is associated with processes of the retention and deposition of suspended substances in water [2,3]. Depending on the background conditions of the catchments and alluvial channels, as well as in terms of hydraulic and sediment characteristics, the particulates in water move in practically all possible directions, from straight subsidence to spiral transport of the material to the reservoir bottom [4,7]. The sediment size with regards the fine sediment dynamics and the cohesion or non-cohesion properties (below 65 microns the material is cohesive), as well as the organic conditions of the stream-flows, participate in the silting process [4,7]. Biofilm communities participate in the trapping of fine sediments and they can reduce the proximal sediment availability [7]
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