Effectiveness and Toxicity Risk of Intravenous Aminophylline in Exacerbation Asthma Treatment

Abstract

Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada saluran pernafasan yang mempunyai prevalensi global yang cukup besar. Perburukan penyakit asma berupa serangan asma yang menyebabkan peningkatan gejala asma dan penurunan fungsi paru secara progresif. Salah satu obat asma yang masih sering digunakan di Indonesia adalah aminofilin intravena. Aminofilin merupakan obat dengan rentang terapi sempit yang berisiko menyebabkan toksisitas obat, namun data perbandingan keuntungan efektivitas dan keamanan obat tersebut belum memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas aminofilin intravena pada pengobatan awal serangan asma berupa perbaikan gejala asma dan kejadian toksisitas terkait gejala yang muncul dan kadar teofilin dalam darah di suatu rumah sakit di Surabaya, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pra-eksperimental yang dilaksanakan sejak 2014 hingga 2016. Sebanyak 27 pasien terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Terapi yang diberikan adalah aminofilin intravena selama satu jam. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan jum. Semua subjek penelitian menunjukkan perbaikan gejala serangan asma dengan terapi aminofilin intravena selama satu jam, dan tidak ada yang mengalami toksisitas karena kadar teofilin dalam darah di bawah rentang terapi. Aminofilin masih efektif dalam mengurangi gejala pada serangan asma dan tidak menunjukkan risiko toksisitas. Kata kunci: Aminofilin, efektivitas, serangan asma, toksisitas Effectiveness and Toxicity Risk of Intravenous Aminophylline in Exacerbation Asthma Treatment Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in the respiratory tract that has a considerable global prevalence. The worsening of asthma is an asthma attack that causes asthma symptoms to increase and decreased lung function progressively. One of the most commonly used asthma medications in Indonesia is intravenous aminophylline. Aminophylline is a drug with a narrow range of therapies that is at risk of causing drug toxicity, but the comparative data on the efficacy and safety benefits of the drug are inadequate. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aminophylline intravenously in the early treatment of asthma attacks in the form of improvements in asthma symptoms and toxicity events related to the symptoms that appear and blood theophylline levels in a hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study used a pre-experimental method which was carried out from 2014 to 2016. A total of twenty seven patients were involved in the study. The therapy given was aminophylline intravenously for one hour. The sampling method used was consecutive sampling with descriptive analysis technique. All subjects showed improved symptoms of asthma attacks with intravenous aminophylline therapy for one hour, and none had toxicity due to theophylline levels in the blood below the therapeutic range. Aminophylline is still effective in reducing symptoms in asthma attacks and does not indicate the risk of toxicity. Keywords: Aminophylline, asthma attack, effectiveness, toxicity