Abstract
The discharge of aquaculture wastewater increased significantly in China. Especially, high content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater could destroy the receiving water environment. To reduce the pollution of aquaculture wastewater, farmed triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was proposed to be cultivated in the river. This was the first time that bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) were also used and complemented ecosystem functions. The pollutants in wastewater were assimilated by Chlorella vulgaris biomass, which was then removed through continuous filter-feeding of Hyriopsis cumingii. While, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis enhanced the digestive enzyme activities of mussel. It demonstrated that approximately 4 mussels/m3 was the optimal breeding density. Under such condition, orthogonal experiment indicated that the dose of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Chlorella vulgaris should be 0.5, 1, and 2 mL respectively. Compared with mussel, mussel/microalgae, mussel/bacteria system, treatment ability of the mussel/microalgae/bacteria system in batch experiment was better, and 94.67% of NH3-N, 92.89% of TP and 77.78% of COD were reduced after reaction for 6 days. Finally, 90 thousand mussels per hectare of water were cultivated in Kulv river in China, and the field experiment showed that water quality was significantly improved. After about 35 days of operation, NH3-N, TN, TP and COD concentration were maintained around 0.3, 0.8, 0.3, and 30 mg/L respectively. Therefore, the mussel/microalgae /bacteria system in this study showed a sustainable and efficient characteristic of aquaculture wastewater bioremediation.
Highlights
In order to satisfy the increasing consumption of aquatic product, aquaculture industry in China has been intensely developed in recent d ecades[1,2]
Mussel farming for water remediation was evaluated in lagoon9, pond[46], and lake[47], mussel/microalgae/bacteria farming in this study proved that it can be a cost-effectiveness of pollution control method, and good for the development of local aquaculture industry
Suspended solid and microalgae in water could be filtered by mussels that had the ability to purify the water body
Summary
In order to satisfy the increasing consumption of aquatic product, aquaculture industry in China has been intensely developed in recent d ecades[1,2]. Of mussel farming for water treatment was the uncertainty associated with actual operating process. Microalgae can grow rapidly in aquaculture wastewater It can accumulate protein or lipid, which can be subsequently used to produce aquaculture feed and b iofuel[17,18]. It can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater at low operational c osts[19,20]. P can be removed through a combination of adsorption, algae-induced chemical precipitation, and microbial reactions[21,22] In this process, no toxic substances were produced, and microalgae biomass can be harvested and processed into products with high-value. Some types of Bacillus had good probiotic effect via producing antimicrobial peptides to inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria of fish[29]
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