Effective supply of eco-product and its influence factors at provincial scale of China from the perspective of supply-side reform.

Abstract

Eco-product is scarce product with consequences on human health, economy and society all over the world. In order to understand the effective supply of eco-product and figure out its law of scale efficiency, panel data from 2004 to 2015 with labor force, capital, resource, and energy source was carefully selected as the input variables and GDP, sustainable product, and undesirable output as the output variables, the scale efficiency and its differences of effective supply of eco-product in China were measured in this study. SBM-Undesirable model, Theil index, and the model of Tobit were used to analyze the driving factors. The results showed that there was a downward trend in scale efficiency of China's eco-products before 2011, and an upward trend with obvious inter-regional differences since 2012. The influence factors of supply efficiency of eco-product greatly varied among different regions. Overall, some factors had negative influences, including the values of economic development level, industrial structure (the proportion of secondary industry's increase in GDP), science and technology input, financial capital input (the proportion of environment pollution control investment in GDP), energy consumption structure (the proportion of coal consumption in overall energy consumption), and agricultural non-point source pollution. Some factors had positive influences, such as eco-space and foreign trade structure. In Eastern China, factors such as industrial structure, science and technology input, financial capital, energy consumption structure and agricultural non-point source pollution had negative impacts, while the factors of economic development level, eco-space and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. In Northeast China, the factors of economic development level, financial capital, agricultural non-point source pollution and foreign trade structure had negative impacts, while the factors of industrial structure, science and technology input, energy consumption structure and eco-space had positive impacts. In Central China, the factors of economic development level, science and technology input, financial capital, energy consumption structure, agricultural non-point source pollution and eco-space had negative impacts, while the factors of industrial structure and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. In Western China, the factors of industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and agricultural non-point source pollution had negative impacts, while the factors of economic development level, science and technology input, financial capital, eco-space, and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. Based on further theoretical analysis of above-mentioned empirical measurement, some poli-cy implications were put forward for effectively improving the efficiency of eco-product supply from the angle of supply-side reforming, which included emphasizing the transitions mode of sustainable economy, optimizing ecosystem structure, and managing ecosystem as a whole according to natural laws.