Abstract
Energy losses in collisions between heavy, multiply charged ions and light atoms are considered for ion charges Z » 1 and relative collision velocities v » 1, such that Z≈v≤c, where c is the speed of light (atomic units), as well as polarization losses in the motion of heavy relativistic ions in matter. The Born approximation is inapplicable, strictly speaking, in this range of the parameters. Simple equations are obtained for the effective stopping. A comparison is made with experiment and with the calculations of other authors.
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