Effective spacetime geometry of graviton condensates in f(R) gravity

Abstract

We consider a model of Bose-Einstein condensate of weakly interacting off-shell gravitons in the regime that is far from the quantum critical point. Working in static spherically symmetric setup, recent study has demonstrated that the effective spacetime geometry of this condensate is a gravastar. In this paper we make three generalizations: introducing a composite of two sets of off-shell gravitons with different wavelength to enable richer geometries for the interior and exterior spacetimes, working in $f({\mathcal R})$ gravity, and extending the calculations to higher dimensions. We find that the effective spacetime geometry is again a gravastar, but now with a metric which strongly depends on the modified gravity function $f({\mathcal R})$. This implies that the interior of the gravastar can be de Sitter or anti-de Sitter and the exterior can be Schwarzschild, Schwarzschild-de Sitter, or Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter, with a condition that the cosmological constant for the exterior must be smaller than the one for the interior. These geometries are determined by the function $f({\mathcal R})$, in contrast to previous works where they were selected by hand. We also presented a new possible value for the size of the gravastar provided a certain inequality is satisfied. This restriction can be seen manifested in the behavior of the interior graviton wavelength as a function of spacetime dimension.