Abstract
Agriculture have a significant portion of the economies of world and therefore can contribute toward major continental priorities such as eradicating poverty, hunger, rapid industrialization, economic diversification, sustainable resource utilization, investments, and environmental management. Plant-associated microbiomes have tremendous potential to improve plant resilience and yields in farming systems. There is increasing evidence that biological technologies that use microbes or their metabolites can enhance nutrient uptake and yield, control pests and mitigate plant stress responses. Microbiological achievements of recent years have emerged as powerful tool to improve quality attributes of sustainable agriculture and environmental health. The chemical fertilizers used in the agriculture to increase yields but kill microflora, pests, and weeds, it have a big harmful impact on the ecosystem. Because of current public concerns about the side effects of agrochemicals, there is an increasing interest in improving the understanding of cooperative activities among plants and rhizosphere microbial populations. The review deals with microbes in biotechnology and their diversified applications in agriculture as bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, bio-herbicides, bio-insecticides, fungal based bio-insecticides and viral based bio-insecticides. Finally, a brief highlight has been given on the role of microbiology on development of sustainable agriculture and environment friendly approach to increase crop production and environmental health.
Highlights
The need for chemical free agricultural practices is becoming eminent due to the effects of these chemicals on the environment and human health
Microbial insecticides are comprised of microscopic living organisms or the toxins produced by these organisms
To aid in the identification and function of individual micro-organisms and communities, the first use of modern molecular biology tools began in the early 1980s, with the advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of microbial DNA and a new view of the evolution of organisms based on the ribosomal RNA
Summary
The need for chemical free agricultural practices is becoming eminent due to the effects of these chemicals on the environment and human health. Conventional intensive agricultural practices that depend on inorganic fertilizers, pesticides and other chemical inputs have increased yield and contributed to soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, increased susceptibility of crops to pests/pathogens and negative environmental impacts which, together, have significant consequences for human health and food security [1]. A target in sustainability is to find out efficient methods for recycling nutrients, controlling pest and pathogens, and for alleviating the negative impact of abiotic stress factors, fundamental issues for human life and for the sustainability of global ecosystems. These activities are typical microbial services, which can be exploited after an appropriate management of beneficial microorganisms and their functions [15]. The role and management of the root-associated microbiome, essential to meet both economically and ecologically sustainable issues, is analyzed first in this article
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