Abstract
The present work highlights effective transport and removal of Congo red (CR) from its model solution using sunflower oil/tri-n-octylamine (TOA) system in bulk liquid membrane (BLM) transport. Aqueous solution of Na2CO3 with 1 M solution strength was found to be an effective stripping medium for the anionic dye transport. Maximum extraction and recovery percentages of 99.9 and 75.6% were achieved when optimum manifold operating conditions were: 4 vol.% TOA, 2 ± 0.1 feed phase pH, 300 rpm stirring speed, at 40 °C temperature with 8 h, equilibrium time. Kinetic estimation of data with higher rate constants for extraction vis-a-vis stripping operation throughout various experimental conditions suggested that CR transport across sunflower oil/TOA BLM system was governed by stripping process. Activation energies for extraction and stripping operations were found to be 45.92 and 74.05 kJ mol−1, respectively. This led to a conclusion that the rate determining step for extraction was intermediate controlled whereas for stripping it was chemical reaction rate controlled. Finally, spectral studies (UV–vis and FT-IR) were carried out to confirm and validate the recovery of CR.
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