Abstract
The mesoporous La-Na co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by non-aqueous, solvent-controlled, sol-gel route. The substitutional doping of large sized Na+1 and La+3 at Ti4+ is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and further supported by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS). The consequent increase in adsorbed hydroxyl groups at surface of La-Na co-doped TiO2 results in decrease in pHIEP, which makes nanoparticle surface more prone to cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption. The MB dye removal was examined by different metal doping, pH, contact time, NPs dose, initial dye concentration and temperature. Maximum dye removal percentage was achieved at pH 7.0. The kinetic analysis suggests adsorption dynamics is best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm studies revealed endothermic monolayer adsorption of Methylene Blue dye.
Highlights
A leading source of water pollution is dye containing effluents from industries like textile [1], printing [2], leather [3], pharmaceuticals [4] and kraft bleaching [5] and so forth
Adsorption efficiency can be controlled by many factors including adsorbent surface area, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and adsorbate concentration [16,17,18]
Non-aqueous, solvent-controlled, sol-gel route is excellent for preparation of highly pure oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with good yield and is adopted for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs
Summary
A leading source of water pollution is dye containing effluents from industries like textile [1], printing [2], leather [3], pharmaceuticals [4] and kraft bleaching [5] and so forth Many of these dyes are mutagenic, carcinogenic and even lead to chromosomal fractures [6,7,8] causing health hazards to living beings. Prominent methods used for this are: adsorption [9,10,11], coagulation/flocculation [12,13], membrane filtration [14,15] and so forth. Adsorption methods are advantageous because they are simple, economical and effective. Adsorption efficiency can be controlled by many factors including adsorbent surface area, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and adsorbate concentration [16,17,18]
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