Effective interactions, Fermi–Bose duality, and ground states of ultracold atomic vapors in tight de Broglie waveguides

Abstract

Derivation of effective zero-range one-dimensional (1D) interactions between atoms in tight waveguides is reviewed, as is the Fermi–Bose mapping method for determination of exact and strongly-correlated many-body ground states of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atomic vapors in such waveguides, including spin degrees of freedom. Odd-wave 1D interactions derived from 3D p-wave scattering are included as well as the usual even-wave interactions derived from 3D s-wave scattering, with emphasis on the role of 3D Feshbach resonances for selectively enhancing s-wave or p-wave scattering so as to reach 1D confinement-induced resonances of the even and odd-wave interactions. A duality between 1D fermions and bosons with zero-range interactions suggested by Cheon and Shigehara is shown to hold for the effective 1D dynamics of a spinor Fermi gas with both even and odd-wave interactions and that of a spinor Bose gas with even and odd-wave interactions, with even(odd)-wave Bose coupling constants inversely related to odd(even)-wave Fermi coupling constants. Some recent applications of Fermi–Bose mapping to determination of many-body ground states of Bose gases and of both magnetically trapped, spin-aligned and optically trapped, spin-free Fermi gases are described, and a new generalized Fermi–Bose mapping is used to determine the phase diagram of ground-state total spin of the spinor Fermi gas as a function of its even and odd-wave coupling constants.