Abstract
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections among children using preventive manipulations, especially among children less than 6 years old. This study aimed at exploring factors which could affect urinary tract infection prevention among children. A descriptive analytical study was conducted on 70 mothers who had children less than 6 years old in 2013. Multistage cluster sampling method was utilized in which each kindergarten was considered as a cluster and data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on Health Belief Model (HBM). Validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed by a pilot study. ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were conducted using SPSS, version 18. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge and practice were 6.96 ± 2.14 and 15.47 ± 1.54 respectively. Means and standard deviation of Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy) were 17.64 ± 2.50, 22.02 ± 2.55, 20.90 ± 2.38, 27.56 ± 5.20 and 21.49 ± 3.18 respectively. More participants were in the moderate levels of knowledge (74.3%) and practice (45.7%). These findings revealed a significant relation between practice and perceived susceptibility (p = 0.02), perceived barriers (p = 0.001), self-efficacy (p = 0.014) and cues to action (p = 0.016). Based on the current study, the intervention based on Health Belief Model can be useful to improve preventive behaviors of Urinary Tract Infection.
Highlights
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections among children [1]
In 25% - 40% of children with urinary tract infections, there are vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), which has a high impact on health-care costs and health status of affected children [10], while this problem is preventable in many cases
Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to assess the relation between preventive behaviors of UTIs and constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM)
Summary
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections among children [1]. HBM explains the failure of people to accept prevention of disease or screening tests to discover asymptomatic disease [15] According to this model, possibility of acquiring the preventive behaviors in each person is affected by his perceptions about the condition: perceived susceptibility (beliefs about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition); perceived severity (feelings about the seriousness of contracting an illness or of leaving it untreated include evaluations of both medical and clinical consequences and possible social consequences); perceived benefits (personal understanding of the profit resulting from the adoption of preventive behavior); perceived barriers (the potential negative aspects of a particular health action); cues to action (the stimulus accelerating decision making and cause feel the need to perform the behavior); self-efficacy (the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes) [16]. This study was intended to identify determinants of preventative behaviors of urinary tract infection based on Health Belief Model among mothers with children less than 6 years old
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