Abstract
A new bauxite-type vanadium ore with a grade of 0.96% V2O5 was found in Hanzhong, China, having quartz, illite, and calcite as the main mineral constituents and vanadium that mainly occurs in the aluminosilicate lattice of illite by replacing Al3+ with V3+ in isomorphism form. In this study, a novel process of low-temperature sulfating roasting–water leaching is presented to extract vanadium from the bauxite-type vanadium ore. Addition of sulfuric acid enhanced the conversion of vanadium to NaVO3 in the sulfating roasting process, and addition of ammonium molybdate improved the leaching efficiency in water leaching. The results showed that a leaching efficiency of 90.33% was obtained under optimal test conditions. The calculation results of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔrGθ) further verified that the formation of NaVO3 is feasible.
Highlights
Vanadium is a strategic transition metal that has been extensively utilized in the steelmaking, green chemistry, energy storage, and the aviation industries owing to its excellent hardness, high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion [1,2]
The basic principle of sodium roasting is that during the roasting process of vanadium ore and sodium salts (Na2CO3, Na2SO4, NaCl, etc.), the structure of the vanadium ore is destroyed by high temperature, and the low-valent vanadium is oxidized to high-valent vanadium to the maximum extent, converted into sodium vanadate, and leached with water to obtain a vanadium-containing solution; the final vanadium product is obtained from the vanadium-containing solution by precipitation or calcination [5–7]
From the results presented in this work the following conclusions may be reached: (1) The bauxite-type vanadium ore with a lower V2O5 content of 0.96%, is comprised of mica, illite, and calcite
Summary
Vanadium is a strategic transition metal that has been extensively utilized in the steelmaking, green chemistry, energy storage, and the aviation industries owing to its excellent hardness, high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion [1,2]. The processes for extracting vanadium from its ore include sodium roasting, calcification roasting, non-salt roasting, and direct acid leaching [4]. The basic principle of sodium roasting is that during the roasting process of vanadium ore and sodium salts (Na2CO3, Na2SO4, NaCl, etc.), the structure of the vanadium ore is destroyed by high temperature, and the low-valent vanadium is oxidized to high-valent vanadium to the maximum extent, converted into sodium vanadate, and leached with water to obtain a vanadium-containing solution; the final vanadium product is obtained from the vanadium-containing solution by precipitation or calcination [5–7]. Li [10] studied the asynchronous extraction of vanadium and chromium from vanadium slag using a stepwise sodium roasting–water leaching process. Zhao [11] used 6 wt.% NaCl and 10 wt.% Na2SO4 as composite additives for vanadium extraction from stone coal by roasting and explored the mineral phase transition of the roasting process. It was found that vanadium-bearing muscovite and quartz were converted into feldspar group minerals during the roasting process
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