Abstract
Direct esterification of butanol to butylbutanoate in the absence of butanoic acid has been investigated by a series of green solid acid catalysts, including H 14[NaP 5W 30O 110], H 14 -P 5 , H 14[NaP 5W 29MoO 110], H 14 -P 5 Mo and silica supported H 14[NaP 5W 30O 110], H 14 -P 5 /SiO 2 , with H 2O 2 as oxidizing agent at reflux and at room temperatures. The performance of these eco-friendly catalysts were compared with H 2SO 4. Maximum butylbutanoate yield and product selectivity (100%) was observed by using H 14 -P 5 Mo as the catalyst. The effects of various parameters such as catalyst type, reaction times, reaction temperatures, and molar ratio of n-butanol to hydrogen peroxide have been studied. The green catalysts can be easily recovered and recycled with retention of their initial structure and activity.
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