Abstract
The screening and treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using Na2FeO4 was explored. Elemental composition was performed, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the raw and treated AMD. The AMD samples were collected from three different sampling sites:(Raw Tailing Water 1 (RTW1), Raw Tailing Water 2 (RTW2) and Raw Tailing Water 3 (RTW3)) in Pretoria, South Africa, with acidic pH ranging between 2.50 and 3.13. Total dissolved solids and the electrical conductivity of AMD samples ranged between 960 and 1000 mg L−1, 226 and 263 µS. cm−1, respectively. The final pH of treated water samples increased up to ≥9.5 after treatment with sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4). Liquid Na2FeO4 was quantitatively produced through a wet oxidation method and was fully characterized, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and UV-Vis instruments. Na2FeO4 showed dual functions by removing metals and raising the pH of the treated water. Concentrations of most trace elements did not comply with WHO and DWAF guideline standards in raw AMD while after treatment with Na2FeO4, the concentrations were below guidelines for domestic and irrigation purposes.
Highlights
Water samples with different pH values were taken from three sampling locations Water samples different pHRTW1: values Raw were Tailing taken from three samplingsite locations
Liquid Na2 FeO4 was quantitatively produced through a wet oxidation method and was fully characterized, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis instruments
It was applied for real Acid mine drainage (AMD) samples collected from three different places (RTW1, Raw Tailing Water 2 (RTW2) and Raw Tailing Water 3 (RTW3)) in Johannesburg, Pretoria, South Africa, with corresponding pH values of 2.50, 2.58 and 3.13, respectively
Summary
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is normally generated when mining wastewaters come in contact with oxygenated water. This AMD severely impacts the ecosystem through the leaching process of heavy metals, free acids and sulphate into ground and surface water [1]. The most known effective methods for AMD treatment are passive and active. The active method employs dosage, using chemicals, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and oxidants (salts), and ongoing energy input for mixing and aeration in conventional wastewater treatment unit process [4]. A hybrid system exists that combines both passive and active approaches within the same treatment unit to remove trace and heavy metals.
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