Effective charges in sulfur nitrides from ESCA spectra: A test of the method of internal calibration

Abstract

A method for internal calibration of solid-state ESCA spectra is described that permits the use of the simple relation between binding energy Eb and charge q:Eb = kq + Eb0 for a surprisingly large number of elements. In order to test these relations for S and N, a procedure is suggested that allows the calculation of the effective charges on S and N in S4N4, S2 N2 and (SN)x from gas-phase or uncalibrated ESCA data. The agreement with theoretically calculated values is good.