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Abstract
The possibility of developing novel contrast imaging agents for cancer cellular labelling and fluorescence imaging applications were explored using silica-coated cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs). The time dependent cellular internalization efficiency study was carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (cLSM) after exposing QDs to stem cells and cancer cells. The strong fluorescence from the cytoplasm confirmed that the QDs were efficiently internalized by the cells. The internalization maxima were observed at the fourth hour of incubation in both stem and cancer cells. Further, the in vitro fluorescence imaging as well as localization study of QDs were performed in various cells. Moreover, high contrast in vivo tumor imaging efficiency of silica-coated CdSe QDs was performed in ultrathin sections of tumor mice, and the results confirmed its effective role in cellular imaging and labelling in cancer and other diseases.
Highlights
The development of highly sensitive and specific biological probes which lack the intrinsic limitations of organic dyes and fluorescent proteins is focus of many areas of research like molecular and cellular biology [1,2] and medical diagnostics [3,4,5,6]
The non-toxicity of the quantum dots (QDs) used in our studies is ensured by generating a cadmium selenide (CdSe)/Silica core shell structure preventing any leakage of core materials
The in vitro cellular internalization efficiency of silica-coated CdSe QDs is systematically followed in this report
Summary
The development of highly sensitive and specific biological probes which lack the intrinsic limitations of organic dyes and fluorescent proteins is focus of many areas of research like molecular and cellular biology [1,2] and medical diagnostics [3,4,5,6]. The exceptional photophysical properties of quantum dots (QDs), photostability and emission as a function of size, make them superior to organic dyes for biological applications. These properties have opened new possibilities for advanced molecular and cellular imaging as well as for ultrasensitive bioassays and diagnostics [7,8,9,10]. It has been shown that many cell types naturally engulf QDs through a nonspecific uptake mechanism This mechanism was used to track the migration of breast tumor cells on a substrate coated with red emitting QDs; the fluorescence within the cells were increased due to the uptake of QDs, leaving behind a dark path [13,14,15]
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