Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is nowadays considered a serious environmental problem, especially within the Mediterranean region. With this in mind, water shortages are also a very serious and prevalent concern in third world countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using Jordanian bentonite, a simple and natural clay, as a possible adsorbent to decrease the negative characteristics of raw OMW, as an approach to the development of a methodology that addresses the OMW problem without affecting freshwater resources. The purified bentonite was activated by sodium ions at room temperature. FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET surface area measurements were performed. OMW was contacted with both purified and activated bentonite in the batch technique to figure out the optimum parameters for the adsorption process. Physiochemical parameters of OMW were measured before and after treatment. The maximum adsorption qm was found as 8.81 mg/g at 323 K for the total phenolic compounds. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were utilized to describe the equilibrium isotherms and both models fit well. The parameters of thermodynamic show that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. These promising results along with the sodium activation of bentonite significantly improve bentonite’s adsorption capacity.
Highlights
Bentonite can potentially be utilized as an effective adsorbent towards wastewater treatment due to its low cost and eco-friendly properties
Some studies focused on the adsorption capacity of Jordanian bentonite toward some heavy metal ions, such as Ni(II), Co(II) [22], (IV), U(VI) [23], and Pb(II) [24], but the activation of Jordanian bentonite and its adsorption capacity for removing pollutants from olive mill wastewater (OMW) has not been studied in Journal of Chemistry detail. erefore, an adsorption isotherms study of total phenolic compounds (TPC) removal, along with the effects of different parameters on adsorption efficiency, needs to be conducted
From the purified bentonite (PB) spectrum, absorption bands resulting from bending vibrations of Si-O groups are found in the 550–400 cm–1 region. e bands due to Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si deformations in the spectra occur near 530 and 460 cm–1, respectively [40]. e spectrum contains a band at 706, 800, and 2355 cm–1 which is all attributed to quartz [41, 42]
Summary
Bentonite can potentially be utilized as an effective adsorbent towards wastewater treatment due to its low cost and eco-friendly properties. This is due to bentonite’s high surface area and chemical stability. Some researchers have recommended the use of bentonite as an adsorbent for removing organic compounds [11, 12], oil content [13], and inorganic pollutants (such as heavy metal ions) [14,15,16,17], in addition to drug components [18, 19]. Erefore, an adsorption isotherms study of total phenolic compounds (TPC) removal, along with the effects of different parameters on adsorption efficiency, needs to be conducted.
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