Abstract
In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using ZnCl2.2H2O as a precursor, via green route using leaf extract of Rhazya stricta as capping and reducing agent. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles were examined using UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The UV-Vis absorption spectrum at 355 nm showed an absorption peak, which indicates the formation of ZnO NPs. The FT-IR spectra analysis was performed to identify the potential biomolecule of the as-prepared ZnO NPs. The FT-IR spectra showed peaks at 3455, 1438, 883, and 671 cm−1 in the region of 4000–500 cm−1, which indicates –OH, NH, C-H, and M-O groups, respectively. The SEM images showed aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 70–90 nm. The XRD study indicated that the ZnO NPs were crystalline in nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure and broad peaks were observed at 2 theta positions 31.8°, 34.44°, 36.29°, 47.57°, 56.61°, 67.96°, and 69.07°. The synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be good antiplasmodial with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 3.41 μg/mL. It is concluded from the current study that the ZnO NPs exhibited noble antiplasmodial activity, and for the improvement of antiplasmodial medications, it might be used after further in vivo studies.
Highlights
A UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) spectrum was taken in the range of 300–600 nm of the prepared zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs
E functional groups in leaf extract of Rhazya stricta identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) were used as a stabilizing and capping agent in the preparation of ZnO nanoparticles
Occasionally harmful chemicals on the surface of the nanoparticles can be adsorbed, which cannot be useful in medical purposes [31]. e progress of stimulated biologically experimental routes for the nanoparticle synthesis is grown into an essential nanotechnology branch. e current research work highlights the medicinal plant use for the ZnO NPs biosynthesis with effective antiplasmodial activity against plasmodium parasites
Summary
With speedy evolution of nanotechnology, many nanoparticles have been reported for applications in medical science. e nanotechnology applications in the diagnostics, healthcare sector, drug delivery, bioimaging, antimicrobial agent, and therapeutics, referred to as nanomedicine, have enlarged ground over the past 5 years [1]. is can be perceived from the growth in the USA budget for the research of nanomedicine, as well as a rise in the number of nanopharmaceutical patents [2]. E green synthesis method using plant extract has drawn consideration as a feasible and simple alternative to physical and chemical approaches, because of its ecofriendly nature, low cost, easy handling, and wide availability of plants [8]. E leaf extract of Rhazya stricta has been used as anticancer, antifungal, analgesic, chemopreventive, rheumatism, and sedative agent [13] It has many beneficial phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, amino acids, gallic acid, and various flavonoids such as quercetin, hesperidin, kaempferol, quercetrin-3-rhamnaside, isoquercitrin, rutin, apigenin, and luteolin [14,15,16], which might act as reducing and stabilizing agents in synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Erefore, in the current study, leaf extracts of Rhazya stricta were used for green synthesis of ZnO NPs, which are not yet reported. E present study explores the antiplasmodial activity of ZnO NPs against plasmodium parasites in in vitro conditions
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