Effective and selective Type V deep eutectic solvent based microextraction of E127 in foodstuffs and drugs

Abstract

The effective and selective deep eutectic solvent (DES) based microextraction method was developed for the first time, using new generation Type V DES for the separation and determination of E127 (erythrosine) in foodstuffs and drugs. Dicyclohexylamine and diphenylamine were mixed at 1:5 mol ratio to create the DES. The essential parameters (pH, DES volume and vortex time) were optimized using Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology. The quadratic microextraction approach was favorable chemometric model design (R2=0.9945) for the method. The limits of detection and quantitation were determined to be 23 and 78 µg/L, respectively. E127 was enriched to be thirty-fold at the optimum conditions. The concentrations of E127, ranging between 0.078 and 4.0 µg/mL, were linearly determined using the equation A=62.114 C+3.8 (R2=0.9989). The interference effect of ions and dyes was investigated in detail. The relative standard deviation was lower than 6 % throughout the experiments. Analyte addition-recovery tests were applied to the real samples for determination of their E127 concentrations. The method was validated by calculating microextraction recoveries obtained from spiked tests. E127 contents of foodstuffs and drugs were determined between 8.8 and 42.4 µg/g, with recovery values ranging from 94 % to 102 %. AGREEmethod and AGREEprep tools were used to define environmentally friendly index of the method.