Abstract
Water pollution caused by industrial wastes containing heavy metals and dyes is a major environmental problem. This study reports on the synthesis, characterization, and utilizations of Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites with Fe3O4 for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and divalent nickel Ni(II) ions from water. The adsorption data were fitted in Freudlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, Dubbanin–Ruddishkawich (D–R), and Elovich adsorption isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm fits more closely to the adsorption data with R2 values of 0.9472, 0.9890, and 0.9684 for adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively, while for adsorption of Ni(II) these values were 0.9366, 0.9232, and 0.9307 respectively. The effects of solution pH, initial concentration, contact time, ionic strength, and adsorbent dosage on adsorption behavior were investigated. The adsorption ability of composites was compared with pristine PANI and Fe3O4 particles. Activation energy and other thermodynamic properties such as changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy indicated spontaneous and exothermic adsorption.
Highlights
Rapid increases in industrialization for the production of various products such as medicine, cloth, leather, paints, cement, and fertilizers are necessary to fulfill the basic needs of people in the modern world [1,2,3,4]
The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is another important model which expresses that adsorption of heavy metals occurs homogeneously resulting in the formation of a monolayer without interaction between the absorbed materials
It is expressed by the following Equation (3): The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is another important model which expresses that adsorption of heavy metals occurs homogeneously resulting in the formation of a monolayer without interaction between the absorbed materials
Summary
Rapid increases in industrialization for the production of various products such as medicine, cloth, leather, paints, cement, and fertilizers are necessary to fulfill the basic needs of people in the modern world [1,2,3,4]. Among various adverse effects of nickel-containing compounds are allergies like contact dermatitis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract cancer, kidney diseases, and lung fibrosis [13] The presence of both hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and divalent nickel Ni(II) in water even in very low concentrations contaminates it and makes it unsafe for drinking. Maleki et al [39] synthesized amorphous aluminosilicate and its composites with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles These materials were applied as efficient adsorbents for removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) from industrial effluents. Various techniques such as SEM, EDX, UV, and FTIR were used to characterize all the synthesized materials Adsorption parameters such as the effect of time, pH, initial concentrations, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength were investigated.
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