Abstract
Internal silver concentrations were determined and combined with toxicological information to obtain critical internal effect concentrations triggering biological responses.
Highlights
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo (ZFE) toxicity test is a versatile in vitro model used to assess the hazardous potential of chemicals
The fertilised eggs were transferred to ISOwater (294.0 mg l−1 CaCl2·2H2O, 123.3 mg l−1 MgSO4·7H2O, 63.0 mg l−1 NaHCO3, and 5.5 mg l−1 KCl dissolved in deionised water) and different developmental stages of the ZFEs were used for the toxicity and accumulation studies (Table 1)
In order to gain insight into the propagation of toxic effects exerted by NPs in ZFEs, systematic exposure experiments of the developmental stages (Table 2) with and without chorion, and a range of AgNP and AgNO3 concentrations were performed
Summary
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo (ZFE) toxicity test is a versatile in vitro model used to assess the hazardous potential of chemicals. It has been applied in several studies for the toxicological testing of NPs.[4,5,6] The ZFE, as a vertebrate model species, combines advantages such as rapid development, easy maintenance in the laboratory, a large number of offspring, transparency of embryos and access to experimental manipulation to avoid expensive animal. The ZFE test allows complementing the effect-based toxicity data with internal concentrations obtained by accumulation studies. Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM),[11] fluorescence microscopy,[12,13] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)[5,6] were applied in recent studies
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