Abstract
AbstractThe Extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek approach was used to investigate the mechanism of membrane fouling control with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) pre-oxidation in an ultrafiltration (UF) system. The polymeric membrane, made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), was selected as membrane material in the investigation. Results demonstrated that KMnO4 pre-oxidation increased the hydrophilicities of both membrane material and organic colloid and that the absolute value of calculated total interaction energy decreased by 33.5 and 33.6%, respectively, indicating the amelioration of membrane fouling. The results of transmembrane pressure and membrane resistance confirmed the mitigation of membrane fouling. It was found that the average pore size of the membrane material was decreased when UF system was subjected to KMnO4. The characteristics of influent organic colloids were changed due to KMnO4 pre-oxidation.
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