Abstract
ObjectiveWe discussed the intensity of treadmill running on learning, memory and expression of cell cycle-related proteins in rats with cerebral ischemia.MethodEighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, intensity I group and intensity II group, with 20 rats in each group. The four-vessel occlusion method of Pulsinelli (4-VO) was used to induce global cerebral ischemia. Brain neuronal morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining at 3h, 6h, 24h and 48h after modeling, respectively. Hippocampal expressions of cyclin A and cyclin E were detected by immunohistochemistry. At 48h after modeling, the learning and memory performance of rats was tested by water maze experiment.ResultCompared with the normal group, the other three groups had a significant reduction in surviving neurons, prolonging of escape latency and decreased number of passes over the former position of the platform (P<0.05). The number of surviving neurons and the number of passes over the former position of the platform were obviously lower in the model group than in intensity I group (P<0.05), but significantly higher compared with intensity II group (P<0.05). Escape latency of the model group was obviously prolonged as compared with intensity I group (P<0.05), but much shorter than that of intensity II group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the expressions of cyclin A and cyclin E were significantly upregulated at different time points after modeling (P<0.05). The expression of the model group was higher than that of intensity I group, but lower than that of intensity II group (P<0.05).ConclusionModerate intensity of treadmill running can help protect brain neurons and improve learning and memory performance of rats with global cerebral ischemia. But high intensity of treadmill running has a negative impact, possibly through the regulation of cell cycle-related proteins in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Highlights
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease has a high incidence, high mortality and high disability rate, posing great threat to human health [1] and leading to movement disorder and decline in learning performance [2]
The effect of treadmill running on brain neurons of rats between the groups Hippocampal neurons in the normal group showed regular arrangement with intact nuclei and distinct nucleoli
Treadmill running at moderate intensity can improve neuronal damage caused by ischemia, while high intensity had a negative impact
Summary
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease has a high incidence, high mortality and high disability rate, posing great threat to human health [1] and leading to movement disorder and decline in learning performance [2]. Recent studies have shown that hippocampal neuron loss has a close relationship with cognitive dysfunction. Physical exercise is considered to be conducive to the recovery of brain functions after ischemia. Study [3,4] has shown that physical exercise can promote vessel and nerve regeneration, inhibit cell apoptosis and neurogenic inflammation and improve learning capacity. Aerobic exercise offers major rehabilitation benefits for cerebral ischemia [5,6], improving functional disorders and patient’s life quality. High-intensity exercise will aggravate www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and cell apoptosis [7]. Liu et al [8] performed a study on the treadmill exercise on young rats’ nerve regeneration and found that the amount of treadmill exercise can significantly promote hippocampal nerve regeneration in young and different life-stage rats
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