Effect on bioavailability of admixing the contents of lansoprazole capsules with selected soft foods

Abstract

Objective This study was designed to compare the bioavailability of lansoprazole when administered as an intact capsule and when the contents are admixed with various soft foods. Background Patients sometimes cannot swallow or have difficulty swallowing intact capsules such as lansoprazole. To enable them to ingest the drug, the contents of the capsule can be admixed with small amounts of soft foods. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult volunteers participated in this single-dose, 4-period crossover study by ingesting the contents of a 30-mg lansoprazole capsule that had been emptied into either a tablespoon of yogurt (regimen A), Ensure ® pudding (regimen B), or cottage cheese (regimen C), or given as an intact capsule (regimen D) during the first study period. The regimen assignments were rotated at weekly intervals so that each subject received each regimen. Blood samples were obtained over the 12-hour period after administration of each regimen, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Results Of the 23 subjects who completed all 4 periods of the study, 18 were male and 5 were female. Their mean (± SD) age was 33.3 ± 11.6 years, and their ages ranged from 19 to 52 years. No statistically significant differences between regimens were detected in mean maximum concentration, area under the curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC 0−∞) using analysis of variance. A statistically significant difference was detected in the time to maximum concentration between regimens C and D at 2.1 and 1.5 hours, respectively ( P ≤ 0.05). Bioavailability was assessed by the two 1-sided tests procedure using a 90% CI for the AUC 0−∞ ratio of test-to-reference regimens. The 90% CIs were all within an acceptable equivalence range of 0.80 to 1.25. Conclusion These results indicate similar bioavailabilities between the regimen in which the lansoprazole capsule was emptied and administration of the intact capsule. However, they may have limitations in predicting the results in ill, elderly, or very young patients.