Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Physical and Psychological Symptoms, Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract

Zinc is known to have multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and anti-depressant actions. Data on the effects of zinc supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and antidepressant-like effect among young women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are scarce. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty women (18-30years) with premenstrual syndrome diagnosed according to 30-item questionnaire were randomly assigned to receive either 30-mg zinc gluconate (group 1; n = 30) and/or placebo (group 2; n = 30) for 12weeks. Premenstrual syndrome symptoms, total antioxidant capacity, high sensitivity reactive protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured at study baseline and after 12-week intervention. After 12weeks of intervention, PMS physical symptoms (P = 0.03) and psychological symptoms (P = 0.006) significantly decreased in zinc group compared to placebo group. We observed a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P = 0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (P˂0.001) after 12weeks of intervention with zinc compared to placebo. We failed to find any significant effect of zinc supplementation on high sensitivity reactive protein. Overall, zinc supplementation for 12weeks among women with premenstrual syndrome had beneficial effects on physical and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, total antioxidant capacity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.