Effect of Zinc Source and Exogenous Enzymes Supplementation on Zinc Status in Dogs Fed High Phytate Diets.

Abstract

Simple SummaryPet food is a sector in expansion, demanding novel solutions for old issues. The mineral supplementation of animal feed has been a target of research for livestock animals, but less attention has been devoted to companion animals. The present study offers both nutritionists and pet food manufacturers knowledge concerning organic and inorganic sources of zinc for dog food supplementation. Zinc proteinate and zinc sulfate were added to a high phytate dry food for healthy dogs at maintenance. Moreover, the role of exogenous enzymes to overcome the undesirable effects of phytates was also studied, with the inclusion of a solid-state fermentation product from Aspergillus niger. Data suggest that organic zinc is promising for dog food supplementation. Yet, the use of exogenous enzymes seems to require refinement to fit the needs and physiological conditions of dogs and thus add value to mineral availability and nutrient digestibility. Zinc is an essential element, a cofactor of many enzymes, and performs catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. Once in the gastrointestinal tract, zinc can interact with food constituents. Phytic acid, the major phosphorus storage in plants, limits zinc availability from animal feeds due to the formation of insoluble complexes with phytates. This study tested the effect of supplemental zinc source (zinc sulfate and a chelate zinc proteinate) and the addition of exogenous enzymes from a solid-state fermentation product of Aspergillus niger to a high phytate diet. The study was designed according to three Latin Squares 4 × 4 with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with four periods, four diets, and 12 young adult Beagles. Periods lasted 5 weeks each. Diets were supplemented with 75 mg/kg of zinc sulfate (IZ) or zinc proteinate (OZ), and without or with 200 mg/kg of exogenous enzymes (IZ+, OZ+). Results showed that zinc proteinate increased the bioavailability of phosphorus, yet the zinc biomarkers remained unaffected by the zinc source, with the exception of lymphocyte subsets that benefit from zinc proteinate. The use of exogenous enzymes did not affect zinc availability nor nutrient and energy digestibility.