Abstract
Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases the frequency of oil changes in heavy-duty engine oil. Several studies discussed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favored antiwear additives that react very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduces wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot, and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.
Highlights
Engine manufacturers are growing demands to increase the oil drain interval
This study investigates the effect of Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) replenishment on the tribological performance in heavy-duty used oil
The performance of used oil was influenced by three main mechanisms such as the existence of soot, additive depletion, and the decomposition of antiwear additive
Summary
Engine manufacturers are growing demands to increase the oil drain interval. Engine manufactures are under considerable pressure to reduce the effects of disposal oil on the environment and improve profitability by extending the service life of engine oils [1]. Soot is one of the main contamination that influences significantly oil drain interval in diesel engines [2, 3]. The presence of soot in diesel engine oil is one of the most common reasons to change engine oil [2, 3, 15]. While removing soot by filters can improve the oil functionality, there are still depleted additives that need to be replenished to enhance the oil performance
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