Abstract
In order to study the interaction effects of zinc and magnesium fertilizers on wheat (cv. Sivand) yield and other characteristics, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design (RCDB) using four replications. Four levels of zinc sulfate (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha−1) and four levels of magnesium sulfate (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1) were used in this study. The parameters studied included germination, plant height, tillering, 1000-seed weight, hectoliter weight, concentrations of zinc and magnesium in seeds, protein content, and yield. The effects of zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate for most traits were significant ( p < 0.01 ). The highest grain yield (7.68 Ton ha−1) was obtained by applying 60 kg ha−1 of zinc and consuming 140 kg of magnesium per hectare. The maximum magnesium amount in seed was shown in treatment with 60 kg ha−1 of zinc × 210 kg ha−1 magnesium, which was 0.352 mg kg−1. Treatments with the best economic aspects were 20 kg ha−1 of zinc sulfate × 70 kg ha−1 magnesium sulfate and 40 kg ha−1 of zinc × 140 kg ha−1 magnesium, in terms of using less zinc and magnesium fertilizers and having a favorable impact on the attributes. The application of these treatments on wheat can ultimately increase zinc and magnesium in wheat grain. Because these elements play a role in human health, the use of these treatments in wheat can increase zinc and magnesium in wheat grains, and therefore, an effective step can be taken in human health by producing these wheat. According to the test results, the application of 60 kg ha−1 of zinc sulfate along with 140 kg ha−1 of magnesium sulfate can play an important role in increasing wheat yield with reduced costs.
Highlights
Bread wheat is one of the major sources of proteins and carbohydrates in Iran; it contributes to food security of the population
Treatments consisted of four levels of zinc, which was provided from the source of zinc sulfate (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha−1 of zinc sulfate), and four levels of magnesium, which was provided from the source of magnesium sulfate (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1 of magnesium sulfate). e plot spacings were 6 m long and 4 m wide with a between-row spacing of 10 cm and within-row spacing of 4 cm. e replications were 2 m distant from each other, and the plots were 1 m distant from each other
Results and Discussion e main effect of the year was significant for all studied traits at the level of one percent probability, and the variability of the years and their effect on traits were shown, which could be due to differences in climate and environmental conditions in two years (Table 1). e main effect of zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate for most traits were significant (p < 0.001). e interaction effects of zinc and magnesium and effects of these two factors with the year were not significant for most traits, indicating the parallelism of zinc and magnesium effects on the studied traits
Summary
Bread wheat is one of the major sources of proteins and carbohydrates in Iran; it contributes to food security of the population. Bread and bakery products obtained from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are considered worldwide an essential source of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, micronutrients, and antioxidants [3, 4]. Dietary deficiency of essential micronutrients, such as zinc, affects more than two billion people worldwide [5]. Iron, and vitamin A deficiencies are one of the most common problems in developing countries. Zinc is an International Journal of Agronomy essential plant micronutrient; it is involved in their growth and metabolism, such as enzyme activation, protein synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid, gene expression and regulation, and reproductive development [11]. According to Li et al [13], both of zinc and magnesium are highly effective in increasing the quantity and quality of wheat grain yield
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