Abstract
Abstract The beneficial effect of yttrium addition on the oxidation behaviour of the 304 stainless steel, under isothermal conditions at 1000 °C in air, has been investigated. Two modes of introduction of the reactive element were studied, ion implantation and sol–gel coating. The thermogravimetric results show in both cases a significant reduction of the scale growth rate. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique reveals that this reduced oxidation rate is owing to the inhibition of the growth of iron-rich oxides. The present results support that yttrium promotes the intensive formation of the thin protective continuous chromia rich layer at the oxide–metal interface which acts as a diffusion barrier for iron. The study also underlines a cooling effect on the oxide scale composition.
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