Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of colored lenses on visual attributes related to sports activities. The subjects were 24 students (11 females, 13 males; average age 21.0 ±1.2 years) attending a sports university. Lenses of 5 colors were used: colorless, light yellow, dark yellow, light gray, and dark gray. For each lens, measurements were performed in a fixed order: contrast sensitivity, dynamic visual acuity, depth perception, hand-eye coordination and visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity. The conditions for the measurements of visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity were in the order of Evening, Evening+Glare, Day, and Day+Glare. There were no significant differences among lenses in dynamic visual acuity and depth perception. For hand-eye coordination, time was significantly shorter with colorless than dark gray lenses. Contrast sensitivity was significantly higher with colorless, light yellow, and light gray lenses than with dark yellow and dark gray lenses. The low-contrast visual acuity test in the Day+Glare condition showed no significant difference among the lenses. In the Evening condition, low-contrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless and light yellow lenses than with dark gray lenses, and in the Evening+Glare condition, low-contrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless lenses than with the other colors except light yellow. Under early evening conditions and during sports activities, light yellow lenses do not appear to have an adverse effect on visual attributes.
Highlights
The visual attributes of athletes have attracted attention from researchers in sports science and sports medicine (Stine et al, 1982; Christenson and Winkelstein, 1988; Zwierko, 2007; Zwierko et al, 2010)
Typical visual attributes involved in sports activities include: dynamic visual acuity, which is the ability to recognize a moving target; depth perception, which is related to a sense of distance; hand-eye coordination; contrast sensitivity; and low-contrast visual acuity (Hoffman et al, 1984; Hitzeman and Beckerman, 1993; Erickson et al, 2009; Laby et al, 2011)
In the Day condition, the main effect of lens was significant at p
Summary
The visual attributes of athletes have attracted attention from researchers in sports science and sports medicine (Stine et al, 1982; Christenson and Winkelstein, 1988; Zwierko, 2007; Zwierko et al, 2010). Visual attributes are important factors for those who participate in sports activities. Typical visual attributes involved in sports activities include: dynamic visual acuity, which is the ability to recognize a moving target; depth perception, which is related to a sense of distance; hand-eye coordination; contrast sensitivity; and low-contrast visual acuity (Hoffman et al, 1984; Hitzeman and Beckerman, 1993; Erickson et al, 2009; Laby et al, 2011). Athletes protect their eyes from ultraviolet rays by wearing sunglasses (Miller, 1974; Fishman, 1986; Cooper et al, 2001). Several previous reports have investigated eye diseases and disorders related to ultraviolet rays and blue light rays which have a short wavelength along the visible light spectrum (Ham et al, 1976; Taylor et al, 1988; Zigman, 1992; McCarty and Taylor, 2002). The lens color of conventional sunglasses is usually black, but blackening and darkening athletes’ vision may negatively affect performance
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