Abstract
Long filament made with nanocellulose has been researched due to its eminent mechanical and physical properties for next generation of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Wet spinning process for long filament fabrication in conjunction with stretching method has advantages of high efficiency and low-cost. To fabricate homogeneous and strong cellulose nanofiber filament, this paper experimentally investigates the process parameters, including spinning speed, pre-dry temperature and inner diameter of needle. In addition to the spinning process, a mechanical stretching process is taken into account to further improve the mechanical properties of the cellulose nanofiber filament. The effects of wet spinning and stretching are evaluated by using scanning electron microscope, tensile test and 2D wide angle X-ray diffraction. As a result, the stretched cellulose nanofiber filament exhibits its Young’s modulus of 37.5 GPa and tensile strength of 543.1 MPa, which are significantly improved from the previous reports. All about the fabrication process, characterization and evaluation of the cellulose nanofiber filaments are illustrated.
Highlights
Natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites based on renewable resources have gained considerable interest from the industries due the environmental impact of their products
We further investigated the effect of pre-drying temperature. t the pre-drying step, the wet-state CNF filament (WCF) was stored in a convection oven and dried with various temperatures (30, 60, 90 °C) for 30 min, which facilitates the hydrogen bond formation and ion linkage among CNFs with Calcium ion [23, 24]
XPS Spectra appeared on Fig. 4a, b are from the CNF filament fabricated by the dry spinning and the wet spinning, respectively
Summary
Natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites based on renewable resources have gained considerable interest from the industries due the environmental impact of their products. Advanced composites made with glass or carbon fibers have superior mechanical properties, they have critical issues in terms of Currently used natural fibers for NFRP composites are flax, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, coir, kapok, bamboo, banana, henequen and many others [1, 2]. Those natural fibers are commonly blended with resin polymers to form NFRP composites. This composite is reinforced with long filament of natural fibers in biodegradable polymer resins. The first step in this composite research is to develop a long filament made with natural fibers
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