Abstract
The effects of changes in various lifestyle habits on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been well elucidated. We aimed to clarify how weight change and lifestyle modifications were associated with the development or remission of NAFLD. In this longitudinal cohort study, we reviewed the periodic health checkup data of 1,421 subjects with no causes of liver disease besides NAFLD who had received at least two health checkups between 2009 and 2018. The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 34.1% (484/1,421). During follow-up period (4.6 ± 2.8 years), 104 subjects developed NAFLD and 127 subjects demonstrated NAFLD remission. The frequency of NAFLD development or that of NAFLD remission significantly increased as the larger weight gain or weight loss was, respectively (both, p < 0.001). Approximately 40% of the subjects who maintained ≥ 1%/year weight loss achieved NAFLD remission. By multivariate analysis, quitting smoking were independently associated with NAFLD development (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.86; 95% CI, 1.24–6.62). Subjects who quit smoking demonstrated large weight gain (≥1%/year) significantly more frequently than the other subjects (p < 0.001). In sex-specific analysis, starting to exercise was independently associated with NAFLD remission in men (AOR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.25–4.53).
Highlights
The effects of changes in various lifestyle habits on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been well elucidated
The present study showed that the prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was associated with lifestyle habits, such as exercise, smoking, and eating dinner within 2 hours of going to bed, in addition to body mass index (BMI), gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus
Many clinical trials have shown that patients with NAFLD benefit from weight loss[3,4,5,6] and either dietary[7,8,9] or exercise-related[10,11,12,13] lifestyle interventions
Summary
The effects of changes in various lifestyle habits on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been well elucidated. We aimed to clarify how weight change and lifestyle modifications were associated with the development or remission of NAFLD. In this longitudinal cohort study, we reviewed the periodic health checkup data of 1,421 subjects with no causes of liver disease besides NAFLD who had received at least two health checkups between 2009 and 2018. Beginning in April 2008, Japan initiated a change in the national health policy in order to prevent metabolic syndrome This comprehensive preventive policy involves unprecedented nationwide screening and lifestyle intervention for abdominal obesity, and the effectiveness of the nationwide preventive program has been demonstrated[19]. Various lifestyle habits can be modified as a result of recently growing health consciousness across Japanese society
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