Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of systematic error (positive and negative bias) in WIM systems on predicted pavement performance. The developed approach uses normalized axle load spectra (NALS) with observed systematic errors to predict the long-term pavement performance in the Pavement-ME for a flexible pavement section at 50% and 90% reliability. The results show that positive and negative bias in axle load spectra results in significant over and under-prediction of rutting and fatigue performance. A 6% positive and 8% negative bias in the tandem axle (TA) load spectra resulted in significant over and under-prediction for rutting and fatigue performance. At the end of design life at 20 years (90% reliability), the positive and negative bias resulted in over and under-prediction of bottom-up cracking by 42% and 15%, respectively. The positive and negative bias resulted in 5%, 2.3% over, and under-predictions for the total permanent deformation, respectively.
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