Abstract
Toxic metal reduction is at the forefront of many design considerations today; additive manufacturing has the ability to combine materials in ways other traditional processes cannot and has the potential to offer unique solutions to reduce hazardous materials needed in manufacturing. Tungsten carbide (WC) has been used as a substitute in wear applications where toxic processes are traditionally utilized, but it can be difficult to deposit high-quality, hard and durable coatings. Additionally, there is a need to apply WC coatings on surfaces not feasible with the current processes. Cold spray, a solid-state directed powder deposition process, is effective at depositing carbides, though powders must be thoughtfully designed to achieve desired mechanical properties. In this study, WC was investigated as a hard chrome alternative for wear applications. Various blend ratios and preparation methods were evaluated as feedstock powder and then sprayed. Feedstock characteristics were compared to cold spray performance. Cold spray consolidations were evaluated for coating porosity and hardness. It was found that when powder make-up and composition were optimized, a high-hardness and low-porosity material was made that will contribute to the reduction in dependency of Cr in wear-facing components.
Highlights
For many engineering applications, wear is inevitable and requires specific materials to counteract it
WC-Co + Ni powder was used as the primary material; it was composed of a spray-dried and sintered, hard tungsten carbide-cobalt core particle (5–30 μm) cladded by softer and finer nickel particles
Varying amounts of nickel were cladded to the surface of these core particles which were evaluated as part of this study; Table 1 shows a schematic of this
Summary
Wear is inevitable and requires specific materials to counteract it. In addition to its damaging nature, wear is expensive, accounting for 1%–4% of an industrialized country’s GNP [1,2]. There are four primary modes for how materials are worn: abrasive, corrosive, adhesive, and fatigue wear [3]. There are a variety of mechanisms for resisting this damage. Many materials have hard secondary phases that reinforce the softer primary phase, increasing the wear tolerance of the material [4]. External lubrication is a classic method of reducing wear damage to a material, and increasingly, materials are being designed that are “self-lubricating”
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
