Abstract
Waterlogging has a negative effect on peanut production, but few studies have focused on the relationship between the geographical origin and waterlogging tolerance of peanut varieties. To explore this problem, three different peanut ecotypes (Zhanhong 2, Zhongkaihua 1, and Huayu 39) were waterlogged for 5, 10, and 15 days at seedling stage (S), flowering and pegging stage (F), and pod-filling stage (P), respectively. The relationship between the ecotype and waterlogging tolerance was determined by analyzing the effects of waterlogging on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and the yield components of peanut. The soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) values in leaves decreased under waterlogging stress, which led to a significant decrease in yield and yield components. The most noticeable effect of waterlogging stress appeared at the P stage and deleterious effects increased with an extension of the duration of waterlogging, where the yield loss was mainly attributed to the decrease in the number of total pods (TP) and the number of full pods (FP). Significant relationships were found between total dry weight (TDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), pod dry weight (PDW), TP, and FP, and the waterlogging stress tolerance index (WTI). Additionally, the waterlogging tolerance of peanut ecotypes is closely related to their geographic origin, where the most waterlogging-resistant ecotype was Zhanhong 2, followed by Zhongkaihua 1 and Huayu 39. Finally, breeding backgrounds and screening indices (SPAD, Pn, dry matter accumulation, and pod characteristics) beneficial to waterlogging tolerance breeding are suggested.
Highlights
Waterlogging stress is an important abiotic factor constraining agricultural production
The minimum value of waterlogging stress tolerance index (WTI) was found at the P stage in the three peanut ecotypes, which suggested that the P stage in peanut might be more sensitive to waterlogging stress
The adverse effects of waterlogging on dry matter accumulation during harvest are presented in pod dry weight (PDW) by 19.74% and waterlogging at the F stage provoked an increase in its PDW
Summary
Waterlogging stress is an important abiotic factor constraining agricultural production. It has been estimated that over 12% of the global agricultural area is considerably affected by waterlogging stress, which results in considerable yield loss [1,2]. A leguminous crop planted globally, is a major source of oil and protein for humans [3]. Peanut plants are highly susceptible to waterlogging and long-term stress seriously affects plant growth and development, which eventually leads to considerable yield loss [4]. The insufficient absorption of nutrients by the roots results in early leaf senescence and the decline of photosynthetic capacity, which reduces the dry matter accumulation of the plant [9]. The obstruction of transportation of photosynthetic products shortens the grain filling period and the grouting rate, eventually causing a decline in yield [10,11]. Yield reduction can be attributed to the decline of yield components
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