Abstract
We study the humidity dependence of the generated current of Pt/TiO2/Ti electromotive force (emf) cells by means of microcalorimetry, current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We prepare TiO2 with a high-voltage electrochemical anodization and the Pt electrode via a paste process. We find that short-circuit current densities (Jsc) significantly vary by adding water vapor to the 2.1 vol % hydrogen-in-air mixture used to generate the emf, while the open-circuit voltage (Voc) always increases with increasing relative humidity (RH). Jsc increases from 8.2 mA/cm2 (RH = 0%) to a maximum value of 9.4 mA/cm2 (RH = 10%). At RH > 10%, Jsc decreases slightly. The increase in Jsc is interpreted as enhanced electron transport as a consequence of the interaction of water with TiO2, while the decrease in Jsc seems to be related to a large amount of water negatively affecting the rate-determining step for emf.
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