Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has successfully detected organisms in various aquatic environments. However, there is little basic information on eDNA, including the eDNA shedding and degradation processes. This study focused on water temperature and fish biomass and showed that eDNA shedding, degradation, and size distribution varied depending on water temperature and fish biomass. The tank experiments consisted of four temperature levels and three fish biomass levels. The total eDNA and size‐fractioned eDNA from Japanese Jack Mackerels (Trachurus japonicus) were quantified before and after removing the fish. The results showed that the eDNA shedding rate increased at higher water temperature and larger fish biomass, and the eDNA decay rate also increased at higher temperature and fish biomass. In addition, the small‐sized eDNA fractions were proportionally larger at higher temperatures, and these proportions varied among fish biomass. After removing the fish from the tanks, the percentage of eDNA temporally decreased when the eDNA size fraction was >10 µm, while the smaller size fractions increased. These results have the potential to make the use of eDNA analysis more widespread in the future.
Highlights
Dt rate per fish body weight was estimated by dividing were much lower than in the samples taken from the experimental the Environmental DNA (eDNA) shedding rates per tank by the total wet weight of the tanks
We calculated the Spearman's rank were calculated based on these parameters, and the results showed correlation coefficients between the percentage of eDNA and water that Japanese Jack Mackerel eDNA decay increased as the tempera‐
Figure 3), while there were no significant correlations between shedding rates per each treatment (p < 0.05; Figure 2), and both the percentage of eDNA and water temperature at >10 μm and partly affected eDNA shedding rates per fish body weight (p < 0.05)
Summary
Inlet water was poured at a rate of time 120 and 216) in the tank experiments containing Medium‐sized. Water samples were collected the day before tank for about 1 week prior to the experiments for the acclimation removing the fish from the tanks to measure the eDNA concentrations (Sassoubre et al, 2016; Takahara et al, 2012). This was defined as time before fish removal (i.e., iment using Medium‐sized fish, all Japanese Jack Mackerels were time bfr). 1 L of inlet water was sampled from each tank at an hour after feeding to eliminate the effect of the feces, and, on time 24 to evaluate the background Japanese Jack Mackerel the sampling day, the fish were starved. Ature, fish biomass, and the time passage on eDNA size distribution
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