Effect of water removal on the textural properties of resorcinol/formaldehyde gels by azeotropic distillation

Abstract

The resorcinol/formaldehyde gels containing 5% (w/v) of reactants have been prepared. After curing for seven days, the gel is treated with trifluoroacetic acid to initiate the condensation of hydroxymethyl groups. Drying of the prepared gels is done by removing water with the help of vacuum heterogeneous azeotropic distillation using amyl acetate and n-butanol. The textural properties of the gels thus obtained are compared with the properties of the gel obtained from exchange of water by acetone (control experiment). The pore volume and average pore diameter of the gel obtained from the azeotropic distillation of water with amyl acetate are 0.7663 × 10−3 m3/kg and 0.0145 μm, respectively. These values are 1.5 times higher than the values obtained by vacuum heterogeneous azeotropic distillation with n-butanol and about twice than the values obtained in the control experiment. The surface areas in all the three gels are almost constant.