Abstract
Soybean is one of the most common grain crops worldwide, representing an important protein and oil source. Although genetic variability in the chemical composition of grains is seen in soybean, the mean levels of proteins have remained stagnant or, in some cases, have decreased over time, arousing concern in the agricultural industry. Furthermore, environmental conditions influence the chemical composition of grains. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of water deficit (WD) induced at the vegetative period (vegetative stress (VS)) and reproductive period (reproductive stress (RS)) on the protein and oil contents of grains in different soybean genotypes. Yield and its components were evaluated to evaluate the interrelation of these traits. The experiment was completed over three crop seasons under field conditions in Londrina, Paraná (PR), Brazil. WD was induced using rainout shelters and then stress treatments with irrigated and non-irrigated conditions were compared. WD negatively affected yield and its components. All evaluated genotypes showed similar responses for oil and protein contents under different water conditions. Higher protein content and lower oil content were observed in grains under RS. Such a relationship was not equally established under VS. Additionally, negative relationships between protein and oil content and between protein content and yield were confirmed.
Highlights
Soybean is the most-grown oilseed in the world, with a planted area of around 120 million hectares and an annual production of around 352 million tons [1]
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water deficit (WD) induced at the vegetative and reproductive stages on the protein and oil contents in grains of different soybean genotypes
When yield was compared among the different water condition (WC) in each crop season, WD had a more negative impact on reproductive stress (RS) than on vegetative stress (VS) for all genotypes (Table 1)
Summary
Soybean is the most-grown oilseed in the world, with a planted area of around 120 million hectares and an annual production of around 352 million tons [1]. Pípolo et al [9], in an in vitro assay, studied the effect of nitrogen (N) supply on the protein and oil contents in soybean and observed that higher N levels favored protein synthesis. Despite these studies, the mechanisms by which climate conditions affect the chemical composition of soybean grains still require more clarification. The increased global average temperature and frequency of extreme climate phenomena, such as drought, have directly affected the yield and production stability of several crops, including soybean [12]. Yield and its components were evaluated to determine how these traits are interrelated
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