Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy. Literature generated in recent years has shown that VNS is a safe, tolerable, and effective adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy. It was approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe, recurrent depression in July of 2005. Vagus nerve stimulation seems to modulate the neural circuitry of depression by stimulating vagal afferent fibers in the neck, which carry impulses to the brain stem to target the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus.
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