Abstract
Method In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 75 children (aged 6–12) diagnosed with ADHD were randomly assigned into two groups. The supplementation group received vitamin D3 (2000 IU), and the control group received a placebo for 3 months. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention to analyze the 25(OH)D, paraxonase-1 activity (PON-1), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and 8-isoprostan levels. Results A significant rise in circulating 25(OH)D was observed in the vitamin D group versus the placebo group at the end of the study. There was no reduction in 8-isoprostan levels in the vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. Serum paraxonase-1 and TAC concentration decreased in both groups, but these alterations were not statistically significant in the treatment group versus the placebo group at the end of the intervention. Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation for 3 months did not have beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress status. To confirm these findings, further studies on children are suggested.
Highlights
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood [1]. e prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents is about 6-7%, and it is more frequent in boys than girls [2].e main symptoms of ADHD are inability to concentrate and pay attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties in learning behavior and psychosocial adjustment, which may persist into adulthood [3,4,5]. e exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, but there are various hypotheses [6]
At the end of the study, there was no significant difference in paraxonase-1 and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels in the vitamin D group versus the placebo group
As an improvement in vitamin D status, there was no significant increase in concentrations of plasma paraxonase-1 activity (PON-1) and TAC and no significant decrease in 8-isoprostan as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the vitamin D group, compared with the placebo
Summary
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood [1]. e prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents is about 6-7%, and it is more frequent in boys than girls [2].e main symptoms of ADHD are inability to concentrate and pay attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties in learning behavior and psychosocial adjustment, which may persist into adulthood [3,4,5]. e exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, but there are various hypotheses [6]. International Journal of Clinical Practice have investigated the oxidative stress status in children and adolescents with ADHD. Some of these studies have found that there is an imbalance between oxidant (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and antioxidant defense in ADHD patients and concluded that oxidative stress was higher in people with ADHD [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. E purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Vitamin D supplementation for 3 months did not have beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress status. To confirm these findings, further studies on children are suggested
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