Abstract
Considering the role of bone metabolism in understanding the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of vitamin D-enriched cheese on the serum concentrations of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and certain bone remodeling biomarkers in postmenopausal women in Greece. In a randomised, controlled dietary intervention, 79 postmenopausal women (55–75 years old) were randomly allocated either to a control (CG: n = 39) or an intervention group (IG: n = 40), consuming 60 g of either non-enriched or vitamin D3-enriched Gouda-type cheese (5.7 μg of vitamin D3), respectively, daily and for eight weeks during the winter. The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH, bone formation (i.e., osteocalcin, P1NP) and bone resorption (i.e., TRAP-5b) biomarkers were measured. Consumption of the vitamin D-enriched cheese led to higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 23.4 ± 6.39 (p = 0.022) and 13.4 ± 1.35 (p < 0.001) nmol/L in vitamin D-insufficient women being at menopause for less and more than 5 years, respectively. In vitamin D-insufficient women that were less than 5 years at menopause, consumption of vitamin D-enriched cheese was also associated with lower serum PTH (Beta −0.63 ± 1.11; p < 0.001) and TRAP-5b (Beta −0.65 ± 0.23; p = 0.004) levels at follow-up, compared with the CG. The present study showed that daily intake of 5.7 μg of vitamin D through enriched cheese increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations, prevented PTH increase and reduced bone resorption in vitamin D-insufficient early postmenopausal women, thus reflecting a potential food-based solution for reducing the risk of bone loss occurring after menopause.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilIn 2010, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the latest and most updated Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin D, which was mainly based on evidence indicating the beneficial effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal health outcomes, such as fractures, osteomalacia, rickets, muscle weakness, falls, etc. [1]
D-enriched cheese consumption that provided 5.7 mcg of vitamin D3 per day on the serum concentrations of certain calciotropic hormones and bone remodeling biomarkers on postmenopausal women living in Greece
The present dietary intervention with Gouda-type cheese enriched with vitamin D significantly increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations, prevented parathyroid hormone (PTH) increase and reduced bone resorption in vitamin D-insufficient early postmenopausal women
Summary
The DRIs of vitamin D have been established based on the effects of dietary vitamin D intake on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and the intention of keeping them at levels equal or above 50 nmol/L, which is the diagnostic threshold for vitamin D sufficiency [2] This is because serum concentrations of 25(OH)D of at least 50 nmol/L are the basic requirement for the normalisation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in blood [3]. As both vitamin D and PTH are involved in controlling calcium and bone metabolism, the clinical outcomes of vitamin D insufficiency (i.e., 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and the consequent secondary hyperparathyroidism in the skeleton is an accelerated rate of bone remodeling, iations.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
