Abstract
Vineyard floor management has been widely discussed for many decades, but it is still unclear how its intensity levels change the fungal community structure of grape rhizosphere. Our objective was to examine the density and rate of the habitats of fungi in three vineyards that differ only in the methods of tillage procedure applied, namely intensive, extensive and none (abandoned). The hypothesis was that in the cases of lower intensity or no soil tillage, there would be a higher level of fungal diversity with a lower ratio of pathogen strains in grape rhizosphere. In the course of this research, it has been determined that the level of fungal colonization of roots is the highest in the extensively managed vineyard, unrelated to season (spring and summer). Four of the five fungal genera detectable in all of the three sampled vineyards are registered as opportunist grape pathogens, however the fifth one, Trichoderma, is commonly used in biological plant protection. The diversity of fungal communities in grape rhizosphere, in accordance with the expectations, was the lowest in the intensively cultivated and highest in the abandoned vineyard, and it was not affected by seasons. The proportion of opportunist plant pathogen groups was higher in the intensive variant than in the other two (less-intensive variants); therefore, it is possible to conclude that soil under similar conditions but disturbed by intensive tillage methods tends to exhibit lower suppressivity.
Highlights
The mainstream European agriculture impact assessments (LUCAS (Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey Soil) and CORINE) focus on the usability and state of European soils, in order to understand the effects of land management on sustainability and to support policy makers to design a CAP (Common agricultural policy) system based on this information [1]
Water-soluble salt content was very low (non-saline soil according to FAO standard (under EC (Electrical Conductivity) = 2 dSm−1 at 25 ◦ C))—it was under the threshold limit (
The extensively vineyard (EXT) vineyard is managed by certificated organic methods, which means only copper vineyard is managed byapplied certificated organic which means only copper (Cu)(Cu)-based plant protection might be against the methods, most damaging above-ground fungus, based plant protection might be applied against the most damaging above-ground fungus, Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew
Summary
The mainstream European agriculture impact assessments (LUCAS (Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey Soil) and CORINE) focus on the usability and state of European soils, in order to understand the effects of land management on sustainability and to support policy makers to design a CAP (Common agricultural policy) system based on this information [1]. About phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), which is globally the most significant pest in vineyard soil (with the exception of vineyards on immune soils) nowadays, the generally accepted assumption is that it is not the lice’s chewing but the pathogenic fungi entering the plant through the damage that cause the final destruction of the plant [9]. Their composition in the rhizosphere significantly influences the extent of the damage and the rate of capital loss. Research studies have started to focus on the composition of fungal communities [10], on the ratio of pathogenic strains [11] and, primarily, on preventive procedures [12], such as soil disinfection prior to installation, use of species having more resistance with respect to their roots, deposition of dead plant parts instead of rotation and so on
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
