Effect of Vessel Attenuation, VMI Level, and Reconstruction Kernel on Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Attenuation for EID CT and PCD CT: An Ex Vivo Porcine Heart Study.

Abstract

Background: Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation and fat attenuation index (FAI) may serve as markers of inflammation and risk of adverse cardiac events. However, standardization of relevant CT acquisition and reconstruction parameters is lacking. Objective: To investigate the influence of vessel attenuation, virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) level, and reconstruction kernel on PCAT attenuation and FAI using energy-integrating detector (EID) and photon-counting detector (PCD) CT systems in an ex-vivo porcine heart model. Methods: A porcine heart's right coronary artery (RCA) was injected with saline or varying contrast media dilutions to achieve vessel attenuations ranging from 0 to 1000 HU. After each injection, the heart was scanned with EID CT at 120 kVp and PCD CT at 140 kVp, at constant CTDIvol (10 mGy). For EID CT, polychromatic images were reconstructed with Qr40 kernel. For PCD CT, VMI (40-80 keV at 10-keV increments) were reconstructed with Qr40, Bv40, and Bv56 kernels. ROIs were placed to measure RCA and PCAT attenuation. FAI was determined using software; histogram analysis was performed of voxel attenuations in the volumes of interest for FAI calculation. Results: Correlations were observed between attenuation in the RCA and adjacent PCAT (r=0.3-1.0), and between vessel attenuation and FAI (r=-0.9-1.0). For PCAT attenuation and FAI, these associations became progressively weaker for progressively sharper kernels. For increasing vessel attenuation for EID CT and for increasing VMI level for PCD CT, FAI histograms showed right shifts of the peak attenuation; the percentage of histogram voxels meeting the threshold range for inclusion in FAI calculation for EID CT was 8-29% and for PCD CT at VMI levels of 70-80 keV was 5-42%. For PCD CT, sharper kernels were associated with left shifts in peak attenuations and greater percentages of voxels within the threshold range for inclusion in FAI calculations. Conclusion: PCAT attenuation and FAI are influenced by vessel lumen attenuation, VMI level, and reconstruction kernel. A minority of pericoronary voxels contribute to FAI measurements for polychromatic EID CT and for PCD CT at high VMI levels. Clinical Impact: These findings may help standardize acquisition and reconstruction parameters for PCAT attenuation and FAI measurements.