Effect of Vegetable Oils as Adjuvants on Immune Response to Polyvalent Foot and Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccine

Mohamed Gamil,Eman Soliman

doi:10.21608/javs.2021.154580

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important viral diseases in Egypt and the main way for its control is sufficient vaccination. A vaccine that could improve early and long-lasting immunity by selecting the best adjuvants is the main target for veterinarians. In this study, different formulae from polyvalent inactivated FMD vaccine were prepared using different vegetable oils (Peanut oil, Olive oil, and Sunflower oil) supplemented with Ginseng saponin and compared with locally used Montanide ISA206 as alternative adjuvants. Evaluation of such formulae was carried out through the international quality control protocol for vaccine evaluation, vaccination of calves groups to follow up their cell-mediated immunity using lymphocytic proliferation assay and level determination of interleukine-6, interleukin12 by the fourth week post-vaccination. Humeral immune response was evaluated by recording serum neutralizing antibodies' protective values by the 6th week. All the prepared vaccine formulae were found to be potent for vaccinated calves, except the Olive oil vaccine showed week performance. Our data suggest that Peanut oil and Sunflower oil supplemented with Ginseng saponin could be used as adjuvants in polyvalent FMD vaccine with comparable results to conventionally used mineral oil Montanide ISA206.

Highlights

The major tool for Foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, especially inFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and contagious vesicular disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals causing huge economic losses caused by FMD virus (FMDV) which is a member of the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae within seven distinct serotypes throughout the world (A, O, C, Asia1 and South African Territories SAT 13) (Doel 2003).developed countries to reduce the impact of clinical disease and eliminate virus circulation, is the vaccination of susceptible animals with inactivated whole virus vaccine as outlined in the Progressive Control Pathway for FMD control (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2011)
FMD virus strains Local FMD virus strains O pan Asia, A Iran O5, SAT2/EGY/2012 and SAT2/ EGY/2018 were obtained from the Department of Foot and Mouth Diseases Research, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (DFMDR/VSVRI), with virus titer calculated by the formula of (Reed and Muench 1938) 108TCID50/ml for each virus strain
The present work aims to investigate the benefit of such oils when used as adjuvants for the polyvalent inactivated FMD vaccine compared with conventionally used mineral oil Montanide ISA 206

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and contagious vesicular disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals causing huge economic losses caused by FMD virus (FMDV) which is a member of the genus Aphthovirus in the family Picornaviridae within seven distinct serotypes throughout the world (A, O, C, Asia and South African Territories SAT 13) (Doel 2003). The disease is characterized clinically by the formation of vesicles on the mouth, teats and feet of animals resulted in huge economic losses due to decreased animal production and reproduction and mortality in calves (James and Rushton 2002). Both aluminum hydroxide gel and oil emulsion adjuvanted vaccines have been used for FMD vaccines preparation, noting that oil-based adjuvant vaccines appear to induce high titers of antibodies showing more effective protection (Aucouturier et al, 2001 and Cloete et al, 2008). Cellular, and humeral immune responses were followed up till reaching the protective level

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sterility test

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION