Effect of various mulches on soil microarthropods under a maize crop

Abstract

Soil microarthropod populations in maize plots mulched with the prunings of three woody agroforestry plant residues (Acioa barteri, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala) and two crop residues [maize (Zea mays) stover (leaves and stems) and rice (Oryza sativa) straw] were monitored throughout the 1991 growing season and compared with those in fallow, bare fallow and unmulched control plots with three rates of nitrogen application. The mean densities of detritivore and phytophage microarthropods in the experimental plots decreased in the following order: rice straw > Gliricidia prunings > Leucaena prunings > maize stover > Acioa prunings > control 2 (90 kg N ha-1 year-1) > fallow > control 3 (135 N) > control 1 (45N) > bare fallow. Mulching also affected the population dynamics of predatory microarthropods and omnivorous ants. The chemical composition of plant residues probably influenced the densities of detritivore and phytophage microarthropods, which in addition were also greatly influenced by microclimatic conditons imposed by vegetation cover. Extremely low densities of microarthropods were recorded in the bare fallow plots probably as a result of the combined effects of absence of plant residues and vegetation cover. The potential of mulching as a component of farming practice for increasing the density of microarthropods and for influencing their species composition and population dynamics in agroecosystems is discussed.