Abstract
A study was carried out for determining the effect of various carriers and storage temperatures on survival of Azotobacter vinelandii NDD-CK-1. The experiment was laid out using a 4 x 5 factorial treatment arrangement in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor is carrier with four kinds, viz. peat (Pt), peat mixed with corn stubble compost (PtCC), peat mixed with golden flamboyant leaf compost (PtLC), and Pt mixed with mushroom waste compost (PtMC). The second factor is storage temperature with five levels, viz. -16 oC, 5 oC, 25 ± 2 oC, 30 ± 2 oC and 37.5 ± 2.5 oC. Inoculum of Azotobacter vinelandii NDD-CK-1 was produced by a standard method using various carriers. The results revealed that types of carrier, storage temperatures and interaction between them showed significant effect on survival of azotobacter during 7 to 90 days. The survival rate was the highest in PtLC, followed by PtCC, PtMC, and Pt which gave the log number of bacterial viable cell of 6.41, 6.02, 5.67 and 5.50, respectively. The proliferation of azotobacter decreased with time and increasing temperature. The appropriate storage temperature at 7 to 15 days was -16 oC, while the most suitable temperatures for longer term (30 to 90 days) was 5 oC; followed by -16 oC, 25 ± 2 oC, 30 ± 2 oC and 37.5 ± 2.5 oC. The highest survival of azotobacter was found in PtCC at -16 oC (9.98 log cfu/g), similar to PtCC at 5 oC, PtLC at -16 oC, and PtLC at 5 oC (9.92, 9.85 and 9.77 log cfu/g, respectively).
Highlights
Application of biofertilizer for crop production is environmental friendly and sustainable for ecological system
The materials were prepared into carriers of peat (Pt), Pt mixed with each agricultural waste compost at a ratio of 1:2 and named as peat with corn stubble compost (PtCC), peat with golden flamboyant leaf compost (PtLC), and peat with mushroom media compost (PtMC)
The results indicated that peat mixed with golden flamboyant leaf compost (PtLC) was the most suitable carrier for production of azotobacter inoculum, followed by peat mixed with corn stubble compost (PtCC), Pt mixed with mushroom waste compost (PtMC) and Pt (Figures 1-4)
Summary
Application of biofertilizer for crop production is environmental friendly and sustainable for ecological system. Several types of biofertilizer have been developed from bacteria, Rhizobium spp., Azospirillum spp., and Azotobacter spp., and used in production of various plants (Mala, 2003; Narula, 2000; Rai, 2006). Azotobacter spp., a free-living N2-fixing bacteria is a beneficial biofertilizer which has profitable effects on plants and soil fertility (Holt, Novel, Peter, James, & Stanley, 2000). The inoculant can be prepared from several types of carriers such as peat, charcoal, farmyard manure, lignite, alginate, etc., in a standard method similar to rhizobial inoculum. The quality of peat varies depending on its sources. It is rather expensive commodity and yet not widely available in some countries such as India (Sadasivam et al, 1986), and Thailand, causing significant drawback in using peat. Several types of agricultural waste like maize stubble, plant compost, mushroom waste, rice straw, oil palm frond and bunch can be composted and used as bioinoculant carriers for rhizobial industry and www.ccsenet.org/mas
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