Effect of UV-C Radiation, Ultra-Sonication Electromagnetic Field and Microwaves on Changes in Polyphenolic Compounds in Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).

Tomasz Cebulak,Sabina Lachowicz,Jan Oszmiański,Ireneusz Kapusta

doi:10.3390/molecules22071161

Abstract

Chokeberry fruits are highly valued for their high content of polyphenolic compounds. The use of such abiotic stress factors as UV-C radiation, an electromagnetic field, microwave radiation, and ultrasound, at different operation times, caused differentiation in the contents of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols. Samples were analyzed for contents of polyphenolics with ultra-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The analysis showed that after exposure to abiotic stress factors, the concentration of anthocyanins ranged from 3587 to 6316 mg/100 g dry matter (dm) that constituted, on average, 67.6% of all identified polyphenolic compounds. The second investigated group included phenolic acids with the contents ranging between 1480 and 2444 mg/100 g dm (26.5%); then flavonols within the range of 133 to 243 mg/100 g dm (3.7%), and finally flavan-3-ols fluctuated between 191 and 369 mg/100 g dm (2.2%). The use of abiotic stress factors such as UV-C radiation, microwaves and ultrasound field, in most cases contributed to an increase in the content of the particular polyphenolic compounds in black chokeberry. Under the influence of these factors, increases were observed: in anthocyanin content, of 22%; in phenolic acids, of 20%; in flavonols, of 43%; and in flavan-3-ols, of 30%. Only the use of the electromagnetic field caused a decrease in the content of the examined polyphenolic compounds.

Highlights

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of abiotic stress factors such as UV-C radiation, electromagnetic field, microwave field and ultrasounds on changes in the levels of polyphenolic compounds in fresh chokeberry fruits
The contents of polyphenolic compounds in the chokeberry fruit subjected to abiotic stress factors are given in Table 1, while Figures 1–4 illustrate cluster analysis by showing clusters of the abiotic stress factors
The ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS) analysis demonstrated that anthocyanins were a predominant group of polyphenolic compounds in chokeberry fruit; their content ranged from 3587 to 6316 mg/100 g dm and this was, on average, 67.6% of all identified polyphenolic compounds

Summary

Introduction

Elliott), a shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family, derives from the eastern coast of the North American continent, where it grows wild. Europe black chokeberry is cultivated on plantations and occasionally is planted in forests. The shrub reaches a height from 0.5 up to 3 m. Its ripe fruits are used to produce jams, juices, wine as well as for the production of anthocyanins. They owe their biological quality to a high level of minerals, mainly potassium (2.9 g/kg), and to the contents of sugar, including glucose (47.1 g/kg), fructose (37.8 g/kg), and sorbitol (66.1 g/kg) [1].

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion